Search results for "PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Interventions"

The current obsession of age-related diseases and the race in identifying effective treatments and preventive interventions

2017

Vulnerabilità sociali e diseguaglianze digitali post pandemia: l’inclusione trascurata dei migranti

2022

The pandemic has been an event capable of radicalising trends that were already underway: growth in inequalities, crisis in central and local administrations, crisis in public regulation and essential public services (health, education, training and work), increase in areas of social vulnerability. Recent studies and research clearly confirm the link between social vulnerability, inequalities, exclusion and Covid-19 in the experience of non-Italian citizens, as well as the close connection between exposure to a high risk of contagion and conditions of poverty and social margin- ality, defined as stratification of precariousness linked to the migrant experience. Nevertheless, this specific s…

BULLYING AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTRASTING THE PHENOMENON IN ITALIAN SCHOOL

2016

After about twenty years, Italy can be considered one of the European Nations that has more invested in terms of support for inclusion and prevention for confronting the problem of bullying in the school. This article aims to set the problem of bullying in the framework of Italian school restructuring process. Starting from a literature review about bullying since 1970s to date, on the bases of the outcomes of some studies previously conducted, the author aims to explain because the phenomenon of bullying it is accompanied by raising the mandatory school. Through the research of eminent scholars, she argues that the crisis of values and the loss of the perspective for the future of teenager…

Experiencing the Smart City Concept: the Challenge of Intelligent District

2016

La città del futuro diventa un complesso sistema a geometria variabile, dove l'ICT è il driver principale di tutte le connessioni - collante della smart city - strumento intelligente che abilita il dialogo tra sistemi diversi. L'uomo rimane l'attore principale di tutte le trasformazioni, perchè ridisegna le sue abitudini, corregge i suoi comportamenti e condivide idee e soluzioni che si vanno affinando continuamente. Le aree dove ci sono più grandi innovazioni sono il campo della mobilità, dell'energia e dell'ICT. La dimensione del distretto intelligente sembra l'unico modulo convincente per testare sistemi, tecnologie e processi. L'interfaccia più interessante da esaminare è la relazione t…

A bioweapon or a hoax? The link between distinct conspiracy beliefs about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic behavior

2020

During the coronavirus disease pandemic rising in 2020, governments and nongovernmental organizations across the globe have taken great efforts to curb the infection rate by promoting or legally prescribing behavior that can reduce the spread of the virus. At the same time, this pandemic has given rise to speculations and conspiracy theories. Conspiracy worldviews have been connected to refusal to trust science, the biomedical model of disease, and legal means of political engagement in previous research. In three studies from the United States ( N = 220; N = 288) and the UK ( N = 298), we went beyond this focus on a general conspiracy worldview and tested the idea that different forms of …

Resolving the Puzzle of Conspiracy Worldview and Political Activism: Belief in Secret Plots Decreases Normative but Increases Nonnormative Political …

2019

It is a hitherto open and debated question whether the belief in conspiracies increases or attenuates the willingness to engage in political action. In the present article, we tested the notion, whether (a) the relation between belief in conspiracies and general political engagement is curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) and (b) there may be opposing relations to normative versus nonnormative forms of political engagement. Two preregistered experiments ( N = 194, N = 402) support both propositions and show that the hypothetical adoption of a worldview that sees the world as governed by secret plots attenuates reported intentions to participate in normative, legal forms of political participati…

How Will We React to the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life?

2018

How will humanity react to the discovery of extraterrestrial life? Speculation on this topic abounds, but empirical research is practically non-existent. We report the results of three empirical studies assessing psychological reactions to the discovery of extraterrestrial life using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis software. We examined language use in media coverage of past discovery announcements of this nature, with a focus on extraterrestrial microbial life (Pilot Study). A large online sample (N = 501) was asked to write about their own and humanity’s reaction to a hypothetical announcement of such a discovery (Study 1), and an independent, large online sampl…

Interindividual Differences in Treatment Effects based on Structural Equation Models with Latent Variables: An EffectLiteR Tutorial

2019

The investigation of interindividual differences in the effects of a treatment is challenging, because many constructs-of-interest in psychological research such as depression or anxiety are latent variables and modeling heterogeneity in treatment effects requires interactions and potentially nonlinear relationships. In this paper, we present a tutorial of the EffectLiteR approach (Mayer, Dietzfelbinger, Rosseel, & Steyer, 2016) that allows for estimating individual treatment effects based on latent variable models. We describe step by step how to apply the approach using the EffectLiteR software package with data from the multicenter randomized controlled trial of the Social Phobia…

Longitudinal Leisure Activity Profiles and Their Associations with Recovery Experiences and Job Performance

2017

We aimed to identify longitudinal leisure activity profiles among working adults and their links to recovery experiences and job performance. Leisure activities, recovery experiences, and job performance were investigated among 831 employees using survey data collected in spring 2013 (T1) and 2014 (T2). Through latent profile analysis (LPA), four stable longitudinal leisure activity profiles were identified. “Social Sports(wo)men” (46%) engaged in physical and social activities but rarely in creative or cultural activities. “Active Artists” (23%) pursued all leisure activities, particularly creative activities. “Socially & Culturally Inactives” (17%) exercised frequently but seldom engaged …

Spatio-temporal small area surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic

2022

Abstract The emergence of COVID-19 requires new effective tools for epidemiological surveillance. Spatio-temporal disease mapping models, which allow dealing with small units of analysis, are a priority in this context. These models provide geographically detailed and temporally updated overviews of the current state of the pandemic, making public health interventions more effective. These models also allow estimating epidemiological indicators highly demanded for COVID-19 surveillance, such as the instantaneous reproduction number R t , even for small areas. In this paper, we propose a new spatio-temporal spline model particularly suited for COVID-19 surveillance, which allows estimating a…